Breathing assistance apparatus with serviceability features

ABSTRACT

A breathing assistance apparatus is configured with features that improve serviceability of the apparatus. The apparatus can include animations to provide instruction regarding correcting easily-identified fault conditions and to provide instruction regarding routine maintenance routines. The apparatus also can be configured with top level control menus that are obscured in a manner to limit manipulation of the top level control elements by unauthorized users.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Pat. Application No.17/808,482, titled “Breathing Assistance Apparatus with ServiceabilityFeatures,” filed Jun. 23, 2022 and issuing on Mar. 7, 2023 as U.S. Pat.No. 11,596,752, which is a continuation of U.S. Pat. Application No.16/938,549 with the same title, filed Jul. 24, 2020, which is acontinuation of U.S. Pat. Application No. 15/668,603 with the sametitle, filed Aug. 3, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,758,692, which is acontinuation of U.S. Pat. Application No. 14/505,298 with the sametitle, filed Oct. 2, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,737,675, which is acontinuation of International Application No. PCT/NZ2013/000060 with thesame title, filed Apr. 5, 2013, which claims the benefit of priority toU.S. Provisional Application No. 61/620,676, filed Apr. 5, 2012. Any andall applications for which a foreign or domestic priority claim isidentified in the Application Data Sheet as filed with the presentapplication are hereby incorporated by reference under 37 C.F.R. § 1.57.The entire contents of each of the above-listed items is herebyincorporated into this document by reference and made a part of thisspecification for all purposes, for all that each contains.

BACKGROUND Field

The present disclosure generally relates to a gases supply and gaseshumidification apparatus. More particularly, features, aspects andadvantages of the present disclosure relate to such apparatuses that cancoach a user regarding the correction of a fault condition.

Description of the Related Art

A variety of machines can be used to assist with the breathing of apatient. Some of these machines are used among a plurality of users andare used almost continuously. Some of the machines are used by very fewusers and are used intermittently. These machines can deliver a heatedand/or humidified flow of breathing gases to the user.

The machines may be operated by individuals and trained healthprofessionals. From time to time, the machine may experience a conditionthat requires correction. For example, a breathing conduit could becomedetached or a breathing conduit could become at least partially blocked.In most instances, such conditions would be indicated by a numericalfault code. Such numerical fault codes would require the user oroperator to consult a look-up table or call a technician. Often, thistechnique of correcting an easily corrected problem can be more timeconsuming than desired.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, a breathing apparatus comprises a flow generator, ahumidifier chamber connected to the flow generator, a conduit connectedto the humidifier generator, and a user breathing interface connected tothe conduit. The apparatus also comprises a display screen adapted toprovide visual information to a user. The apparatus monitors one or morecharacteristic of use and, upon a triggering event occurring, theapparatus provides a series of image frames such as, for example,graphics, recorded images, visual descriptions, visual directions, stillimages, and/or videos to the display. The series of image frames depictone or more still graphics and/or animated actions such that the usercan make an adjustment to the apparatus based upon the image frames toaddress the occurrence of the triggering event.

In a first aspect, a breathing assistance apparatus is provided thatincludes a flow generator, a humidifier chamber connected to the flowgenerator, a conduit connected to the flow generator, a user breathinginterface connected to the conduit, and a display screen adapted toprovide visual information to a user. The apparatus can advantageouslybe configured to monitor one or more characteristics of use; and, uponan occurrence of a triggering event, to provide a series of image framesto the display. The series of image frames can depict an animated actionthat is configured to instruct a user to make an adjustment to theapparatus based upon the animated action to address the occurrence ofthe triggering event.

In some embodiments, the apparatus includes a button and depression ofthe button stops the display of the series of image frames. In someembodiments, the animated action includes a sequence that repeats untilthe triggering event is corrected.

In some embodiments, the triggering event comprises usage exceeding anupper limit of time. In a further embodiment, the animated actionincludes steps for replacing a filter.

In some embodiments, the triggering event comprises detection of atleast one of a faulty heater wire, a faulty conduit temperature sensor,or a disconnected conduit. The animated action includes steps forreplacing a breathing conduit.

In some embodiments, the triggering event comprises a reduction inresistance to flow. The animated action includes steps for reseating achamber, reconnecting a conduit, or reconnecting an interface to theconduit.

In some embodiments, the triggering event comprises an increase inresistance to flow. The animated action includes steps for unbending aconduit, unclogging an interface, or checking that the correct interfaceis connected to the conduit.

In some embodiments, triggering event comprises detecting an oxygenlevel outside of a desired oxygen level. The animated action includessteps for adjusting the oxygen supply.

In some embodiments, the triggering event comprises detecting a lowwater supply level. The animated action includes steps for replenishingthe water supply.

In some embodiments, the triggering event comprises detecting a presenceof an oxygen supply during disinfection mode. The animated actionincludes steps for removing the oxygen supply. In a further embodiment,the apparatus is adapted to shut off power to a disinfection conduitheater until the triggering event is corrected.

In some embodiments, the triggering event comprises detectingdisconnection, depletion, or prolonged interruption of an oxygen supply.The animated action includes steps for reconnecting the oxygen supply.

In some embodiments, the triggering event comprises failing to detect abreathing pattern. The animated action includes steps for reattaching auser interface.

In some embodiments, the triggering event comprises a breathing rateexceeding a predetermined breathing rate. The animated action includesillustrating the breathing rate.

In some embodiments, the triggering event comprises one of usageexceeding an upper limit of time, detecting a faulty heater wire,detecting a faulty conduit temperature sensor, detecting a disconnectedconduit, a reduction in resistance to flow, an increase in resistance toflow, detecting an oxygen level outside of a desired oxygen level,detecting a low water supply level, detecting a presence of an oxygensupply during disinfection mode, detecting disconnection of an oxygensupply, detecting depletion or prolonged interruption of an oxygensupply, failing to detect a breathing pattern, or a breathing rateexceeding a predetermined breathing rate; and the animated actioncomprises a sequence that repeats until the triggering event iscorrected.

In a second aspect, some embodiments provide for a breathing assistanceapparatus that includes a flow generator, a humidifier chamber coupledto the flow generator, a conduit coupled to the flow generator, a userbreathing interface connected to the conduit, a controller electricallycoupled to the apparatus, a display screen electrically coupled to thecontroller and adapted to provide visual information to a user. Theapparatus is configured to monitor one or more characteristics of useand to detect an occurrence of a triggering event using the controller,the detection of the triggering event being at least partly based on themonitored characteristics of use. The apparatus is also configured toselect a series of image frames depicting an animated action and toprovide the series of image frames to the display. The animated actioncan advantageously be configured to instruct a user to make anadjustment to the apparatus based upon the animated action to addressthe occurrence of the triggering event by providing visual cues in theseries of image frames indicating a region of interest and at least oneaudible cue corresponding to an occurrence of an action in the series ofimage frames wherein the audible cue and the occurrence of the actionare configured to be presented substantially simultaneously.

In some embodiments of the second aspect, the audible cue is configuredto approximate a sound produced when the action occurs. In someembodiments of the second aspect, the visual cues comprise flashinglights surrounding the region of interest.

In some embodiments of the second aspect, the series of image framescomprises a first subset of image frames depicting the apparatus with afirst level of detail and a second subset of image frames depicting asecond level of detail, the second level of detail being greater thanthe first level of detail. In a further embodiment, the second subset ofimage frames presents a zoomed-in depiction of a portion of theapparatus that includes the region of interest.

In some embodiments, the one or more characteristics of use includes atleast one of usage time, heater wire status, oxygen supply status,temperature sensor status, conduit status, water level, flow rate,resistance to flow, oxygen level, breathing rate, gas temperature, orheater plate power.

In some embodiments, the apparatus includes a button and depression ofthe button stops the display of the series of image frames. In someembodiments, the animated action includes a sequence that repeats untilthe triggering event is corrected.

In a third aspect, a method of indicating an alarm on a breathingassistance apparatus is provided. The method can include detecting anoccurrence of a triggering event using a controller of the apparatus.The method can include selecting an animated action corresponding to thedetected occurrence of the triggering event. The method can includedisplaying on a display of the apparatus a series of image framesdepicting the animated action. The method can include detecting acorrection of the triggering event using a controller of the apparatus.The method can include ending the display of the series of image framesupon detection of the correction of the triggering event. The series ofimage frames can advantageously be configured to instruct a user to makean adjustment to the apparatus based upon the animated action to addressthe occurrence of the triggering event.

In a fourth aspect, a method of indicating an alarm on a breathingassistance apparatus is provided. The method can include detecting atriggering event using a controller of the apparatus. The method caninclude selecting an animated action corresponding to the detectedtriggering event. The method can include displaying on a display of theapparatus a series of image frames depicting the animated action. Themethod can include emitting an audible noise with a speaker of theapparatus. The method can include detecting a correction of thetriggering event using a controller of the apparatus. The method caninclude ending the display of the series of image frames and theemission of the audible noise upon detection of the correction of thetriggering event. The series of image frames can advantageously beconfigured to instruct a user to make an adjustment to the apparatusbased upon the animated action to address the triggering event byproviding visual cues in the series of image frames indicating a regionof interest and at least one audible cue corresponding to an occurrenceof an action in the series of image frames. The audible cue and theoccurrence of the action can advantageously be configured to bepresented substantially simultaneously.

In some embodiments of the fourth aspect, the audible cue is configuredto approximate a sound produced when the action occurs. In someembodiments of the fourth aspect, the visual cues comprise flashinglights surrounding the region of interest.

In some embodiments of the fourth aspect, the series of image framescomprises a first subset of image frames depicting the apparatus with afirst level of detail and a second subset of image frames depicting asecond level of detail, the second level of detail being greater thanthe first level of detail. In a further embodiment, the second subset ofimage frames presents a zoomed-in depiction of a portion of theapparatus that includes the region of interest.

In some embodiments of the fourth aspect, the method can includemonitoring one or more characteristics of use. In a further embodiment,the one or more characteristics of use includes at least one of usagetime, heater wire status, oxygen supply status, temperature sensorstatus, conduit status, water level, flow rate, resistance to flow,oxygen level, breathing rate, gas temperature, or heater plate power.

In summary, the disclosure may be described according to the followingnumbered clauses:

Clause 1. A breathing assistance apparatus comprising: a flow generator;a humidifier chamber connected to the flow generator; a conduitconnected to the flow generator; a user breathing interface connected tothe conduit; and a display screen adapted to provide visual informationto a user, wherein the apparatus is configured to monitor one or morecharacteristics of use, and upon an occurrence of a triggering event toprovide a series of image frames to the display, the series of imageframes depicting an animated action configured to instruct a user tomake an adjustment to the apparatus based upon the animated action toaddress the occurrence of the triggering event.

Clause 2. The apparatus of Clause 1, further comprising a button anddepression of the button stops the display of the series of imageframes.

Clause 3. The apparatus of Clause 1, wherein the triggering eventcomprises usage exceeding an upper limit of time.

Clause 4. The apparatus of Clause 3, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for replacing a filter.

Clause 5. The apparatus of Clause 1, wherein the triggering eventcomprises detection of at least one of a faulty heater wire, a faultyconduit temperature sensor, or a disconnected conduit.

Clause 6. The apparatus of Clause 5, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for replacing a breathing conduit.

Clause 7. The apparatus of Clause 1, wherein the triggering eventcomprises a reduction in resistance to flow.

Clause 8. The apparatus of Clause 7, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for reseating a chamber, reconnecting a conduit orreconnecting an interface to the conduit.

Clause 9. The apparatus of Clause 1, wherein the triggering eventcomprises an increase in resistance to flow.

Clause 10. The apparatus of Clause 9, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for unbending a conduit, unclogging an interface orchecking that the correct interface is connected to the conduit.

Clause 11. The apparatus of Clause 1, wherein the triggering eventcomprises detecting an oxygen level outside of a desired oxygen level.

Clause 12. The apparatus of Clause 11, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for adjusting the oxygen supply.

Clause 13. The apparatus of Clause 1, wherein the triggering eventcomprises detecting a low water supply level.

Clause 14. The apparatus of Clause 13, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for replenishing the water supply.

Clause 15. The apparatus of Clause 1, wherein the triggering eventcomprises detecting a presence of an oxygen supply during disinfectionmode.

Clause 16. The apparatus of Clause 15, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for removing the oxygen supply.

Clause 17. The apparatus of Clause 16, wherein the apparatus also shutsoff power to a disinfection conduit heater until the triggering event iscorrected.

Clause 18. The apparatus of Clause 1, wherein the triggering eventcomprises detecting disconnection, depletion or prolonged interruptionof an oxygen supply.

Clause 19. The apparatus of Clause 18, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for reconnecting the oxygen supply.

Clause 20. The apparatus of Clause 1, wherein the triggering eventcomprises failing to detect a breathing pattern.

Clause 21. The apparatus of Clause 20, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for reattaching a user interface.

Clause 22. The apparatus of Clause 1, wherein the triggering eventcomprises a breathing rate exceeding a predetermined breathing rate.

Clause 23. The apparatus of Clause 22, wherein the animated actioncomprises illustrating the breathing rate.

Clause 24. The apparatus of any of Clauses 3-23, wherein the animatedaction comprises a sequence that repeats until the triggering event iscorrected.

Clause 24. The apparatus of Clause 1, wherein the triggering eventcomprises one of usage exceeding an upper limit of time, detecting afaulty heater wire, detecting a faulty conduit temperature sensor,detecting a disconnected conduit, a reduction in resistance to flow, anincrease in resistance to flow, detecting an oxygen level outside of adesired oxygen level, detecting a low water supply level, detecting apresence of an oxygen supply during disinfection mode, detectingdisconnection of an oxygen supply, detecting depletion or prolongedinterruption of an oxygen supply, failing to detect a breathing pattern,or a breathing rate exceeding a predetermined breathing rate; and theanimated action comprises a sequence that repeats until the triggeringevent is corrected.

Clause 25. A breathing assistance apparatus comprising: a flowgenerator; a humidifier chamber coupled to the flow generator; a conduitcoupled to the flow generator; a user breathing interface connected tothe conduit; a controller electrically coupled to the apparatus; and adisplay screen electrically coupled to the controller and adapted toprovide visual information to a user, wherein the apparatus isconfigured to: monitor one or more characteristics of use; detect anoccurrence of a triggering event using the controller, the detection ofthe triggering event being at least partly based on the monitoredcharacteristics of use; select a series of image frames depicting ananimated action; and provide the series of image frames to the display,wherein the animated action is configured to instruct a user to make anadjustment to the apparatus based upon the animated action to addressthe occurrence of the triggering event by providing visual cues in theseries of image frames indicating a region of interest and at least oneaudible cue corresponding to an occurrence of an action in the series ofimage frames wherein the audible cue and the occurrence of the actionare configured to be presented substantially simultaneously.

Clause 26. The apparatus of Clause 25, wherein the audible cue isconfigured to approximate a sound produced when the action occurs.

Clause 27. The apparatus of Clause 25, wherein the visual cues compriseflashing lights surrounding the region of interest.

Clause 28. The apparatus of Clause 25, wherein the series of imageframes comprises a first subset of image frames depicting the apparatuswith a first level of detail and a second subset of image framesdepicting a second level of detail, the second level of detail beinggreater than the first level of detail.

Clause 29. The apparatus of Clause 28, wherein the second subset ofimage frames presents a zoomed-in depiction of a portion of theapparatus that includes the region of interest.

Clause 30. The apparatus of Clause 25, wherein the one or morecharacteristics of use includes at least one of usage time, heater wirestatus, oxygen supply status, temperature sensor status, conduit status,water level, flow rate, resistance to flow, oxygen level, breathingrate, gas temperature, or heater plate power.

Clause 31. The apparatus of Clause 25, wherein the triggering eventcomprises one of usage exceeding an upper limit of time, detecting afaulty heater wire, detecting a faulty conduit temperature sensor,detecting a disconnected conduit, a reduction in resistance to flow, anincrease in resistance to flow, detecting an oxygen level outside of adesired oxygen level, detecting a low water supply level, detecting apresence of an oxygen supply during disinfection mode, detectingdisconnection of an oxygen supply, detecting depletion or prolongedinterruption of an oxygen supply, failing to detect a breathing pattern,or a breathing rate exceeding a predetermined breathing rate; and theanimated action comprises a sequence that repeats until the triggeringevent is corrected.

Clause 32. The apparatus of Clause 31, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for replacing a filter.

Clause 33. The apparatus of Clause 31, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for replacing a breathing conduit.

Clause 34. The apparatus of Clause 31, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for reseating a chamber, reconnecting a conduit orreconnecting an interface to the conduit.

Clause 35. The apparatus of Clause 31, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for unbending a conduit, unclogging an interface orchecking that the correct interface is connected to the conduit.

Clause 36. The apparatus of Clause 31, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for adjusting the oxygen supply.

Clause 37. The apparatus of Clause 31, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for replenishing the water supply.

Clause 38. The apparatus of Clause 31, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for removing the oxygen supply.

Clause 39. The apparatus of Clause 38, wherein the apparatus also shutsoff power to a disinfection conduit heater until the triggering event iscorrected.

Clause 40. The apparatus of Clause 31, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for reconnecting the oxygen supply.

Clause 41. The apparatus of Clause 31, wherein the animated actioncomprises steps for reattaching a user interface.

Clause 42. The apparatus of Clause 31, wherein the animated actioncomprises illustrating the breathing rate.

Clause 43. A method of indicating an alarm on a breathing assistanceapparatus, the method comprising: detecting an occurrence of atriggering event using a controller of the apparatus; selecting ananimated action corresponding to the detected occurrence of thetriggering event; displaying on a display of the apparatus a series ofimage frames depicting the animated action; detecting a correction ofthe triggering event using a controller of the apparatus; and ending thedisplay of the animated action upon detection of the correction of thetriggering event, wherein the series of image frames are configured toinstruct a user to make an adjustment to the apparatus based upon theanimated action to address the occurrence of the triggering event.

Clause 44. A method of indicating an alarm on a breathing assistanceapparatus, the method comprising: detecting a triggering event using acontroller of the apparatus; selecting an animated action correspondingto the detected triggering event; displaying on a display of theapparatus a series of image frames depicting the animated action;emitting an audible noise with a speaker of the apparatus; detecting acorrection of the triggering event using a controller of the apparatus;and ending the display of the animated action and the emission of theaudible noise upon detection of the correction of the triggering event,wherein the animated action is configured to instruct a user to make anadjustment to the apparatus based upon the animated action to addressthe triggering event by providing visual cues in the series of imageframes indicating a region of interest and at least one audible cuecorresponding to an occurrence of an action in the series of imageframes wherein the audible cue and the occurrence of the action areconfigured to be presented substantially simultaneously.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects, and advantages will now be describedwith reference to the drawings of some embodiments, which embodimentsare intended to illustrate and not to limit the scope of the disclosure,and in which figures:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an apparatus that provides a humidifiedand heated flow of fluid to a user or patient.

FIG. 2 is a rear perspective view of a portion of the apparatus of FIG.1 .

FIG. 3 is a front perspective view of the portion of FIG. 2 .

FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of the portion of FIG. 2 awaitingconnection of a disinfection conduit for a disinfection mode.

FIG. 5 illustrates the portion of FIG. 4 with the disinfection conduitconnected.

FIGS. 6A-6D illustrates a display flow for the apparatus in a primarymode.

FIG. 7 illustrates a disinfection mode display flow for the apparatus.

FIGS. 8A-1-8A-8, 8B-1-8B-8, 8C-1-8C-8, and 8D-1-8D-6 illustrate a seriesof images used in an animation showing how to replace a filter of theapparatus.

FIGS. 9A-9C illustrate another display flow for the apparatus in asecondary mode.

FIG. 10 illustrates a fault condition correction display flow for theapparatus.

FIG. 11-1-11-6 illustrate a series of images used in an animationshowing how to connect a breathing circuit of the apparatus.

FIGS. 12A-12M illustrate a series of images used in an example animationshowing a chamber installation sequence.

FIG. 13A is an illustration of a respiratory humidifier system that maybe used to measure temperature of gases supplied to a patient.

FIG. 13B is a circuit diagram of the electronics enabling themeasurement of the temperature of gases to a patient, for a systemutilising DC heating and measuring voltages.

FIG. 13C is a circuit diagram of the electronics enabling themeasurement of the temperature of gases to a patient, for a systemutilising DC or AC voltages for the heating and signal voltages.

FIG. 13D is a cutaway view of a conduit including a circuit on a printedcircuit board and residing with the conduit in the area of gases flow.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates an apparatus 20 that provides a humidified and heatedflow of fluid to a user or patient 10. The illustrated apparatus 20comprises a high-flow breathing assistance apparatus; however, features,aspects, and advantages of some embodiments can be used with other typesof apparatus used to supply a humidified and/or heated flow of fluid(e.g., gases or air) to the user or patient 10. For example, features,aspects, and advantages of some embodiments can be used with CPAPmachines, insufflation humidifiers for laparoscopic or other surgicalprocedures, respiratory humidifiers, humidifiers for noninvasiveventilation applications, humidifiers for invasive ventilationapplications, infant resuscitation devices, and the like. The apparatuscan be configured as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Application No. 12/138,594,filed on Jun. 13, 2008, U.S. Pat. Application No. 11/916,503, filed onJun. 29, 2006, and/or U.S. Pat. Application No. 10/246,328, filed onSep. 18, 2002, each of which is hereby incorporated herein by referencein its entirety.

In some embodiments, the apparatus 20 can include a display 40configured to display a series of images in succession that illustratean animated action. The animated action can be used to instruct a useron how to perform a particular action. The series of images can bedisplayed in response to a triggering event and the animated action canbe configured to present one or more methods of responding to thetriggering event. The apparatus 20 can be configured to detect varioustriggering events and to automatically display a corresponding series ofimages. For example, the apparatus 20 can be configured to detect when achamber is not correctly installed (e.g., the triggering event). Inresponse, the apparatus 20 can display a series of images identifyingthe location of the problem, the element of the apparatus that triggeredthe event, and a method of correcting the problem (e.g., the animatedaction).

In some embodiments, the series of images displayed on the display 40can include flashing lights, coloring, shading, or other similar visualcues to indicate the element or location of the triggering event. Forexample, if a conduit is not properly connected, the conduit can bedisplayed as flashing red, having a colored outline, glowing in apulsating fashion, having an arrow pointing to the conduit, or the like.The animated action can display a method of properly connecting theconduit, after which the conduit can be displayed as flashing green,having a different colored outline, glowing in a relatively constantfashion, or the like to indicate a change from an incorrect to a correctconfiguration. In some embodiments, no words are used such that thevisual images can communicate corrective actions to any user independentof language or technical background. In some embodiments, a user canchoose to display written instructions and/or provide audibleinstructions in addition to the visual images. However, these writtenand/or audible instructions are not generally necessary because thevisual images provide universal visual instructions as described hereinbelow.

In some embodiments, the apparatus 20 can be configured to provideaudible cues that correspond to the series of images presented on thedisplay 40. For example, when an element of the apparatus 20 isillustrated as being “clicked” into place, the apparatus can emit asound indicating that a corresponding sound should be heard when theuser performs the action being illustrated. In some embodiments, theaudible cue can be configured to approximate or simulate the sound auser would hear when performing the animated action. In someembodiments, the timing of the emitted sound corresponds to the timingof the animated action, such that at the time when the animated actiondisplays the action that produces a sound, the apparatus can emit thecorresponding audible cue.

With continued reference to FIG. 1 , the apparatus 20 comprises a flowgenerating apparatus 22. The illustrated flow generating apparatus 22can be connected to a patient interface 24 with a flexible conduit 26.The patient interface 24 can be any suitable patient interface. Forexample, but without limitation, the patient interface 24 can comprisenoninvasive interfaces including, but not limited to, adult nasalcannula, infant nasal cannula, full face masks, combination oral/nasalmasks, nasal masks, nasal pillows, high flow cannula, or the like. Insome configurations, the patient interface 24 can comprise invasive orminimally invasive interfaces including, but not limited to,endotracheal tubes, insufflation devices, or the like. In someconfigurations, adaptors and connectors can be provided for coupling totracheotomy devices and masks.

In the illustrated configuration, the flexible conduit 26 can comprise aheating element 30 and a sensing element 32. In some configurations, thesensing element 32 can be positioned at an end portion of the flexibleconduit 26 closest to the patient interface 24. In some configurations,the sensing element 32 is positioned within the lumen defined by theflexible conduit 26 such that the sensing element 32 is exposed to thefluid being carried within the lumen. The sensing element 32 can sense acharacteristic or attribute of the fluid being carried within the lumen.In some configurations, the sensing element 32 is arranged andconfigured to sense the temperature of the fluid passing through thelumen. In some configurations, the heating element 30 and the sensingelement 32 can be arranged as described in co-pending U.S. Pat.Application No. 12/777,370, published as U.S. Publication No.2010/0218763 on Sep. 2, 2010, which is hereby incorporated herein byreference in its entirety. FIGS. 13A-13D, described below, areincorporated from that application.

The end of the flexible conduit 26 closest to the flow generatingapparatus 22 comprises a connector 34. The connector 34 can beconfigured to establish both a pneumatic connection between the flowgenerating apparatus 22 and the lumen of the flexible conduit 26 and anelectrical connection between at least the heating element 30 of theflexible conduit 26 and the flow generating apparatus 22. In someconfigurations, the connector 34 facilitates establishing both thepneumatic connection and the electrical connection in a single step. Insome configurations, the connector 34 can be configured as disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 6,953,354, issued on Oct. 11, 2005 and entitled “Connectorfor Breathing Circuits,” which Pat. is hereby incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

With continued reference to FIG. 1 , the flow generating apparatus 22comprises a user control interface 36. The user control interface 36enables interaction between the user, patient 10, or another person(e.g., without limitation, health professionals, distributors, or thelike) and the flow generating apparatus 22. The illustrated user controlinterface 36 comprises a display screen 40. The display screen 40 can beany suitable display screen. In some configurations, the display screen40 comprises an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) screen. In someconfigurations, the display screen 40 can comprise a full color displaywith a pixel count of between about 6,000 pixels and about 500,000pixels. In some configurations, the display screen 40 can comprise apixel count of about 20,480 pixels. In some configurations, the displayscreen can comprise a screen size of about 128 pixels by about 160pixels (vertical by horizontal). In some configurations, the displayscreen can be about 1.8 inches diagonally to about 4 inches diagonally.To reduce heat transferred from the screen to other components of theapparatus 22, the screen can be run with a black screen (e.g., most ofthe pixels are inactive during operation of the apparatus 22).

The illustrated user interface 36 comprises five different keys: a powerkey/button 42, a mute key/button 44, an up arrow key/button 46, a downarrow key/button 50 and a mode key/button 52. In some configurations,the user interface 36 can include some combination of mechanical keys,electro-mechanical keys, and touch-sensitive capabilities such as wherethe display 40 comprises a touch-screen and navigation through a menustructure or other suitable manner of device operation can be providedvia the display 40. In some configurations, a joystick, a toggle, or thelike can be provided for navigation through a menu structure or othersuitable manner of device operation.

With reference to FIG. 2 , the illustrated flow generating apparatus 22comprises an outer housing 60. The outer housing 60 contains a flowgenerator (not shown). The flow generator can be any suitable componentor components for generating a source of pressurized air, whichgenerates a flow of gases through the conduit 26. As shown in FIG. 2 ,the housing 60 can define an inlet to the flow generator, which inlet iscovered with a filter cover 62. The filter cover 62 can contain areplaceable filter element 64 that overlies the inlet to the flowgenerator such that it filters a flow of air that passes into thehousing through openings in the filter cover 62.

With continued reference to FIG. 2 , a first end of an oxygen supplyconduit 66 can be connected to the filter cover 62. A second end of theoxygen supply conduit 66 can have a fitting 68 used to connect to asupply conduit from a wall supply or the like, as shown in FIG. 1 .Returning to FIG. 2 , the filter cover 62 or a region contained betweenthe filter cover and the flow generator can define a mixing region forambient air and the oxygen supplied through the conduit 66.

With reference to FIG. 3 , flow from the flow generator (not shown)passes into and through a chamber 70. An outlet port 72 (see FIG. 4 )from the flow generator connects to an inlet port (not shown) of thechamber 70. A water supply can be contained within the chamber 70 suchthat the flow passes over the surface of the water supply to behumidified. An outlet port of the chamber 70 connects to an inlet end 74of an elbow 76. The elbow has an outlet end 78 that connects to theconduit 26 as described above.

The chamber 70 rests atop a heater plate 80 (see FIG. 4 ) or othersuitable heating element. The heater plate 80 can be controlled by theapparatus 22 such that the water contained within the chamber 70 can beheated to a suitable level. The water contained within the chamber 70can be replenished from a feed set and water bag configuration, ifdesired.

In some configurations, the apparatus 22 can comprise one or moretemperature sensors that are positioned downstream of the humidificationchamber 70. In some configurations, two temperature sensors can bepositioned within the elbow 76. Output from the temperature sensor inthe elbow 76 and information regarding the heater plate duty cycle canbe used in connection with an algorithm to detect the humidity. A systemcan be used such as that disclosed in U.S. Provisional Pat. ApplicationNo. 61/328,521, filed on Apr. 27, 2010 and WO2009/145646, filed on May27, 2009 and published on Dec. 3, 2009, each of which is herebyincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The apparatus 22 also can comprise an airflow sensor that is positionedupstream of the flow generator as well as a temperature sensor that ispositioned upstream of the humidification chamber 70. In someconfigurations, the temperature sensor is positioned upstream of theflow generator as well. In some configurations, an oxygen sensor alsocan be positioned upstream of the humidification chamber or the flowgenerator. In some configurations, an ultrasound principle can be usedto detect the oxygen content in the air based upon the detected humiditylevel can improve the detection of oxygen content. In someconfigurations, a system can be used such as that disclosed in U.S.Provisional Pat. Application No. 61/620,595, filed on Apr. 5, 2012,which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The apparatus 22 also comprises a suitable controller, which includesmemory and other components used for sensing various characteristics offlows and operation of the apparatus. Moreover, the apparatus 22 cancomprise a speaker or other audible alert generator.

With reference to FIG. 5 , in order to disinfect the apparatus 22between users, for example, a disinfection conduit 82 can be connectedto the outlet 72 from the flow generator and to the outlet 78 of theelbow 76. The disinfection conduit 82 can include a heater coil 84 thatis electrically connected to the electrical connection with a connectorthat is similar to, or the same as, the connector 34 described above. Afilter cap 86 can be positioned over the inlet end 74 of the elbow 76.

Start-Up Operation

With reference now to FIGS. 6A-6D, control and operation of somefeatures, aspects, and advantages of the illustrated apparatus 20 willbe described. As will be described, the illustrated apparatus 20 can beoperated in at least two main modes. In the illustrated configuration,the apparatus 20 has a primary mode that can be used in multiple-userapplications and a secondary mode that can be used in single-userapplications, for example but without limitation. In someconfigurations, the apparatus 20 can be used in the primary mode withmultiple users and under generally continuous use conditions and in thesecondary mode with a small number of users and under intermittent use.In other words, the apparatus 20 can be used in the primary mode in asetting such as a hospital or other healthcare facility and the sameapparatus 20 can be used in the secondary mode in a setting such as ahome. Such a configuration is advantageous in that a smaller number ofmachines need to be stocked for supply by distributors because of theability to customize the machine to the end user.

In the description below, either the primary mode or the secondary modemay be referred to as the default mode but the apparatus 22 need notdefault to this mode at start up. In some configurations, the apparatus20 comprises a disinfection mode for use between users. In someconfigurations, the apparatus 20 also can comprise a youth sub-mode thatcan be configured for use with younger users. In some configurations,the apparatus 20 can comprise a youth sub-mode for each of the primarymode and the secondary mode, which youth sub-modes can be configured foruse with younger users. In some configurations, at least one of theprimary mode and the secondary mode can include a conduit dryingsub-mode, breathing pattern feedback sub-mode, a night-use sub-mode,and/or a transport mode. In some configurations, the secondary mode caninclude one or more of the conduit drying sub-mode and the night usesub-mode. Any of these modes and sub-modes, or even some other mode ofoperation, can be the startup mode. In some embodiments, the apparatus20 can be configured to request an input of the desired mode or sub-modeof operation such that there is no generally pre-specified operationalmode.

With reference now to FIG. 6A, the apparatus 22 starts with thedepression of the power button 42. See S-1. In some configurations, thepower button 42 can be pressed and held for at least a minimum period oftime in order to start the apparatus 22. Upon starting, one or morestart screens can be presented on the screen or display 40 of theapparatus 22. See S-2. In some configurations, activation of theapparatus 22 also can be indicated audibly. For example, the apparatus20 can include a speaker that emits a single solid tone, a series oftones, a recorded or synthesized voice, music, a chime, or other suchnoise or series of noises, for example but without limitation.

With continued reference to FIG. 6A, when in the primary mode or theprimary mode’s youth sub-mode, following the display of the startscreens, the illustrated configuration presents a screen that indicatesthe last event. See S-3. As illustrated, if a successful disinfectionwas the last event, then the apparatus 22 can indicate the number ofcompleted disinfection cycles and the time since the last disinfectioncycle, for example but without limitation. Also, a graphical indicatorcan be presented of whether the apparatus 22 has been recentlydisinfected. In the illustrated embodiment, for example but withoutlimitation, there is a green light on a traffic light. If the last eventwas not a successful disinfection, then a different graphical indicatorcan be presented (e.g., an amber light on a traffic light). In someconfigurations, such as the illustrated configuration, the display willalternate between the number of disinfection cycles completed and thetime since the last disinfection cycle.

After a period of time, the apparatus 22 begins a warm-up procedure. Insome configurations, during the warm-up procedure, the heating element30 is energized, which heats a water supply in the chamber 70. Withcontinued reference to FIG. 6A, a swirling icon indicates the warm-upprocedure is underway. See S-4. In some configurations, the swirlingicon comprises multiple stationary images that, when played in series,provide the appearance of a revolving circle animation. Otherconfigurations also can be used to create an animation indicative ofon-going warm-up. The animation, however, advantageously provides avisual indicator of on-going activity. In some embodiments, theanimation can include text, sound, or some combination of images,animation, text, and/or sound.

With continued reference to FIG. 6A, once the warm-up procedure has beencompleted, the swirling icon (see S-4) changes to a check-mark (i.e.,tick). See S-5. The completion of the warm-up procedure also can beindicated by an audible tone or range of tones (e.g., ascending scale oftones), a recorded voice or synthesized voice, a chime, a series oftones, or the like. In the illustrated configuration, the display 40also shows a graphical depiction of values for dew point temperature,flow rate, and oxygen alarm level. This can be referred to as the mainscreen, the multiple value screen, or the summary screen. In someembodiments, the main screen can include additional or differentinformation including, but not limited to, an indication of a mode orsub-mode (e.g., transport mode indicators, youth sub-mode indicators,feedback sub-mode indicators), values for other parameters, disinfectioninformation, or the like.

Advantageously, the multiple values shown on the screen are concurrentlydisplayed to provide a simple review of these values. The readings canadvantageously be displayed in other than a straight line to improvereadability. In other words, to aid reading, one or more of the multiplevalues are offset relative to the others of the multiple values. Forexample but without limitation, in the illustrated configuration (seeS-5), the temperature is illustrated higher on the screen than the flowrate and the flow rate is illustrated higher on the screen than theoxygen alarm level. The display also can be provided with a screen saver(see S-6) that displays after a set period of display inactivity. Insome embodiments, the screen saver can include additional information,animations, or the like.

The menus and display screens of the apparatus 22 can advantageously beconfigured to be graphics-based instead of, or in addition to, beingtext-based. By displaying information, options, menus, instructions, andthe like in a graphical manner, the display can be utilized insituations where different languages are spoken and/or where multiplelanguages are spoken. This can reduce or eliminate a need to translateinstructions or information when the apparatus is used in variouslocations. This can also reduce or eliminate misunderstandings ormistakes that occur due to language differences or inaccuratetranslations of text-based information.

Mode Selection and High Level Settings

With reference to FIG. 6B, from the main screen (see S-5) a keycombination can be used to enter a top-level control menu, until readyto use. See S-7. In the illustrated configuration, the key combinationcomprises pressing the top three buttons (e.g., mute key 44, up arrowkey 46, down arrow key 50) for at least a minimum period of time. Insome configurations, the minimum period of time is 10 seconds. Other keycombinations and minimum periods of time can be used.

In the illustrated configuration, the top-level control mode isaccessible in the default mode (e.g., the primary mode or the secondarymode). The top-level control menu is used by individuals other than theuser or patient 10. For example, the top-level control menu can be usedby someone other than the ultimate user/patient 10 or the healthcareprovider. In some configurations, the top-level control menu can be usedby individuals authorized by the owner, distributor, or manufacture ofthe apparatus 22 such that various set points can be established for theowner that are not available for use by the user (e.g., the user 10 isunaware of the top-level control menu and/or the key combination used toaccess the top-level control menu).

Upon entry into the top-level control menu, the illustrated apparatus 22enters a mode adjustment screen. See S-8. The mode adjustment screenallows changing between the primary mode and the secondary mode. Themode adjustment screen presents information regarding the current mode(e.g., primary mode (“Primary”), secondary mode (“Secondary”), etc.).

While the mode adjustment screen is presented (see S-8), pressing andholding the up and down arrow keys together for a preset period of timeunlocks the mode for adjustment. See S-9. The up arrow key 46 and thedown arrow key 50 enable changing between available modes. Once a modehas been selected, pressing the mode button 52 reboots the machine inthe selected mode. In some embodiments, the apparatus 22 only rebootswhen the selected mode is different from the previous mode.

In the illustrated configuration, while in the mode adjustment screen(see S-8), pressing the mode button 52 activates a language adjustmentscreen. See S-10. While the language adjustment screen is presented,pressing and holding the up arrow key 46 and the down arrow key 50together for at least a minimum period of time unlocks the languageadjustment selection. See S-11. The up arrow key 46 and the down arrowkey 50 enable changing between languages. Once a language has beenidentified, pressing the mode button 52 confirms the identified languagesetting.

In the illustrated configuration, while in the language adjustmentscreen (see S-10), pressing the mode button 52 activates a target limitadjustment screen. See S-12. While the target limit adjustment screen ispresented, pressing and holding the up arrow key 46 and the down arrowkey 50 together for at least a minimum period of time unlocks the targetlimit adjustment. See S-13. In the target limit adjustment screen, thelimits (e.g., lower limit and upper limit) between which target valuescan be set will be adjustable. Thus, if an owner or provider of theapparatus 22 desires that the flow target be selected from within arange between 15 L/min and 30 L/min at all times, those values can beset using the target limit adjustment screen.

While any of a number of parameters can be monitored and/or adjusted,the illustrated embodiment demonstrates monitoring, using, settingand/or adjusting the dew point temperature, the flow rate, the oxygenlevel, the oxygen setting, and the disinfection setting, for example butwithout limitation. In the illustrated configuration, the oxygen levelis merely detected and is not adjusted by the apparatus 22. In someembodiments, the values defining the range are locked and, when in thetarget limit adjustment screen (see S-12), depressing the up arrow key46 and the down arrow key 50 together for a set period of time canunlock the values for adjustment. The unlocking of the values can beaudibly indicated through the speaker (e.g., a solid tone, series oftones, music, chime, click, or the like).

With continued reference to FIG. 6B, in the illustrated configuration,the lower limit for the temperature range can be adjusted while theupper limit is not adjustable. In some configurations, the upper limitis about 37 C. The lower limit, in the illustrated configuration can beabout 31 C. In some configurations, the temperature can be adjusted inincrements of 3 C and, as such, the lower limit temperature can be setto 31 C, 34 C or 37 C. In the illustrated configuration, both the upperlimit and the lower limit of the flow rate range can be adjusted. Theflow range can be adjusted in 5 L/min increments between about 50 andabout 15. In the illustrated configuration, the oxygen alarm level canbe adjusted in 5% increments between about 90 and about 0. In someconfigurations, there is no lower limit for the oxygen alarm level. Theoxygen alarm level does not change the level of oxygen supplied but isused to provide an alarm if the level of oxygen being supplied isoutside of a specified level.

In the illustrated configuration, the oxygen setting can be used toindicate whether the oxygen source is 100% bottle oxygen or a lowerfraction from a concentrator which also has an argon content, forexample. See S-13.2. The oxygen concentration can be set and can rangebetween about 20% and about 100%. Typically, the oxygen concentrationcan range between about 90% and about 95%. Pressing the up and downbuttons allows the user to select the oxygen source and/or to adjust theoxygen concentration. Pressing the mode button can lock-in or confirmthe selection and/or toggle the selection of the oxygen source. SeeS-13.4.

With continued reference to FIG. 6B, the disinfection setting can beused to require a user to acknowledge a disinfection warning (e.g., bypressing the mode button 52) when the apparatus is being restarted in adefined disinfection state. See S-13.6. For example, when an apparatusis turned on without being disinfected prior to being shut off the lasttime it was in use, an amber or orange indicator light can be displayedduring startup. If disinfection acknowledgement is selected, the userwill be required to acknowledge the warning by pressing the mode button52 when the indicator is displayed before resuming normal operation orstartup. This can be set to force an acknowledgement on the part of theperson operating the apparatus 22 that no disinfection mode has been runon the apparatus 22 since it was last used. In other words, the personoperating the apparatus must consciously depress the mode button 52 toacknowledge this information. Using the up and down arrows canalternatively select and deselect this setting. Pressing the mode buttonconfirms the selection. See S-13.8.

In some embodiments, the person changing the settings is alerted to thevalue being changed by a visual indicator. In the illustratedconfiguration, the number being adjusted changes between a colorednumber and a white number. In this manner, the number being adjustedappears to be pulsating or blinking. For example, as the user uses themode button 52 to cycle from “temperature lower limit” to “flow lowerlimit” to “flow upper limit” to “oxygen alarm upper limit,” the numberbeing adjusted has the appearance of blinking due to being displayed inmore than one color in succession.

In some embodiments, pressing the mode button allows the user to cyclethrough the settings screens. When adjustments have been made, theapparatus 22 reverts to the swirling icon (see S-4) or the summaryscreen (see S-5) after an inactivity period has elapsed or after aparticular key combination is pressed (e.g., holding down the mute, up,and down buttons for at least a minimum period of time).

Value Level Settings

As discussed above, on the main multiple value screen (see S-5) of theillustrated embodiment, the display screen 40 can illustrate current dewpoint temperature, current flow rate and current oxygen level, forexample but without limitation. These values are based upon real timereadings. In some embodiments, the readings are made during warm up aswell as during use. During any changes to the readings (e.g., until setpoints have been reached), the numbers flash between a whiteillustration and a colored illustration to provide a visual pulsingeffect such as that described above. Once a set point value (e.g., thetarget value) has been obtained, the number will go solid.

With reference to FIG. 6C, in any mode, when not on the main screen(e.g., when on the temperature target screen and/or the flow targetscreen), depressing the mode button will cycle among a plurality ofvalues. The values can be represented by smaller icons or other shapesthat, when selected, increase in size and possibly detail. The pluralityof smaller icons or other shapes facilitate an expandable scrolling menuthat allows a large number of values to be displayed even on a smallerdisplay screen 40. See S-18.1. While the illustrated configurationdepicts a temperature target screen (S-14), a flow rate target screen(S-15) and an oxygen level alarm target screen (S-16), any number ofadditional screens can be presented. For example, the apparatus 22 candisplay a day/night sub-mode screen, a transport mode screen, or thelike. Each of these screens can be used to select a value within thepreset range (e.g., the range specified in S-12 and S13). In someconfigurations, a default setting for the dew point temperature targetis 37 C.

In any mode, when not on the main screen, depressing the up and downarrows together for at least a minimum period of time will allow theuser to adjust the temperature target (S-17) and/or the flow rate target(S-18). In some configurations, these values are locked and depressingthe up arrow key 46 and the down arrow key 50 at the same time for atleast a minimum period of time can unlock the values. The unlocking ofthe values for adjustment can be audibly indicated (e.g., a solid tone,series of tones, click, voice, music, chimes, etc.).

Once unlocked, the values for the target temperature and the target flowrate can be adjusted within the preset range of values using the uparrow key and the down arrow key. See S-17 and S-18. For example, insome configurations, the dew point temperature can be adjusted between31 C and 37 C. For example, 31 C might be used if delivery of the flowis through a mask, while 37 C might be used where upper airway isbypassed (e.g., tracheotomy) and 34 C might be used for a small, petitepatient receiving nasal gas delivery. By way of further example, theflow rate may be adjusted within a range of about 15 L/min. and 50L/min. While not illustrated, the oxygen level at which the apparatuswill alarm can be adjusted within a range of 20% and 90% (i.e., anyadjustment of oxygen levels will be made at the wall valve or anothervalve).

When on the temperature adjustment screen, pressing the mode button 52for at least a minimum period of time (e.g., at least about 5 seconds)can display the transport mode screens. See S-17.1 and S-17.2. The upand down arrows can be used to alternate between selecting the normalmode or the transport mode. Pressing the mode button again confirms theselection. In the transport mode, the temperature setting for the heaterplate can be reduced (e.g., typically to about 31 C from about 37 C inthe normal mode). In some embodiments, entering the transport mode cancause the apparatus 22 to reduce or minimize power usage by the heaterplate 80, motors, and the like. The reduction or minimization of powercan be done to reduce power consumption when connected to a universalpower supply (“UPS”) for transportation from one location to anotherwhen the apparatus cannot or will not be plugged into an electricalsocket. When in transport mode, the apparatus 22 can have a countdowntimer with a preset period of time (e.g., about 30 minutes), after theexpiration of which the apparatus 22 automatically reverts to a normalmode of operation. The screen can display the temperature setting andthe countdown timer indicating when the apparatus will automaticallyrevert to a normal mode of operation. In some embodiments, the countdowntimer can be reset by the user if the transportation will last longerthan the timer provides. In some embodiments, the apparatus reverts tothe mode of operation it was in prior to being put into thetransportation mode. In some embodiments, the transportation mode screen(S-17.2) can display other information or indicators, such as a flowrate, an oxygen setting, a youth-sub mode, or the like.

In some embodiments, the apparatus 22 can be configured to entertransport mode when connected to a UPS. The apparatus 22 can beconfigured to understand and communicate appropriate handshake protocolswith UPS systems so as to recognize when it is connected to a UPS ratherthan an electrical wall socket. In some embodiments, the apparatus 22can remain in transport mode until disconnected from the UPS and/orconnected to an electrical wall socket.

Following adjustment, the selected value will be locked after a setperiod of time (e.g., five or seven seconds) or when the mode button 52is pressed to move to the next screen. After a preset period of time,when adjustments have been made, the apparatus 22 reverts to theswirling icon (see S-4) or the summary screen (see S-5) after aninactivity period has elapsed or when a defined key combination has beenpressed.

Youth Sub-mode

In either the primary mode or the secondary mode, at any time duringwarm-up (see S-4) or after the apparatus is ready for use and when themain screen is visible (see S-5), the apparatus 22 enters a youthsub-mode when the mode button 52 is pressed for at least a minimumperiod of time (e.g., about 10 seconds), as illustrated in FIG. 6D.After each disinfection, which should be performed after use and priorto a subsequent patient/user, the apparatus 22 can be configured torequire depression of the mode button 52 to enter the youth sub-mode.This forces an acknowledgement on the part of the person operating theapparatus 22 that the settings have changed. In other words, the personoperating the apparatus must consciously depress and hold the modebutton 52.

Upon entry into the youth sub-mode, one or more entrance screen can beprovided. See S-19. At least one entrance screen, in some embodiments,is distinct from the default mode entrance screen. In the illustratedconfiguration, attention-getting animations are provided on the youthsub-mode entrance screen. The animations in the illustratedconfiguration are a butterfly and a bird. The butterfly and the birdmove onto the screen. In some configurations, the butterfly and the birdcan move inward from the edges of the screen to attract attention.

The apparatus 22, when first entering the youth sub-mode, can adjust thetarget temperature and/or the target flow rate. In some configurations,the target temperature is adjusted to a level lower than the levelavailable in the default (e.g., primary or secondary) mode, which wasdiscussed above. In some configurations, the target temperature in theyouth sub-mode is about 34 C. The target flow rate can be set to theflow rate closest to the prior setting in the default (e.g., primary orsecondary) mode. If the prior flow was above the youth sub-mode range,then the highest flow in the range will be selected. If the prior flowwas within the youth sub-mode range, then the prior flow will be used.In some configurations, if the target flow rate set in the default(e.g., primary or secondary) mode is above about 20 L/min, the targetflow rate will adjust to 20 L/min in the youth sub-mode. If theapparatus 22 has been used in the youth sub-mode previously, theapparatus 22 will recall the settings from the prior use in the youthsub-mode and set the targets according to the prior settings. See S-20.

An additional animation (e.g., an eye and water bag) also can beprovided to remind the person operating the apparatus 22 that the watersupply should be monitored because there may be no water out alarm inthe youth sub-mode. See S-21. Because the youth sub-mode involves lowerflow rates, the rate of evaporation is slower than at higher flow rates.Because there may be no humidity sensor, detection of low waterconditions can be based upon a comparison of the energy required tooperate with a full chamber and the energy required to run with no waterin the chamber. In the default (e.g., primary or secondary) mode, if thecurrent state is trending toward no water, then an alarm is issued. Atlow flow rates, the difference may be not large enough to detectreliably. The detection is based upon the duty cycle applied to theheater plate. Because less water is evaporated at low flow rates, thechange may be too subtle to reliably and repeatably detect.

Following the depiction of the animations, the new target settings willbe presented. See S-22. In addition, the swirling icon discussed abovecan be presented to demonstrate visually that the apparatus 22 is stillwarming up. Upon completion of the warm up, the swirling icon can bereplaced with a check-mark (i.e., tick). See S-23. As discussed above,after a period of inactivity, a screen saver mode can be entered. SeeS-24.

Feedback Sub-mode

In any of the primary mode, the secondary mode, or the associated youthsub-modes, the apparatus 22 can comprise a feedback sub-mode. Thefeedback sub-mode can be selected by the user or can be automaticallyselected by the apparatus. For example, if a detected breathing rateexceeds a predetermined breathing rate, the apparatus can enter thefeedback sub-mode to assist the user in attaining a desired breathingpattern or breathing rate. The feedback sub-mode can provide visualand/or audible cues to coach a patient/user to obtain the desiredbreathing pattern or breathing rate.

Disinfection Mode

After shutdown, the disinfection conduit 82 can be connected to theapparatus 22. On one end, the disinfection conduit 82 has the sameconnector as the patient conduit 26. On the other end, the disinfectionconduit 82 is sized and configured to mate to the outlet 72 from theflow generator. The heater wire 84 with the same resistance as theheater wire 30 in the patient conduit 26 can be installed within thedisinfection conduit 82. In some embodiments, the disinfection conduit82 does not include a temperature sensor. The disinfection conduit 82can be coaxial in construction with an insulating sleeve surrounding theconduit that defines the flow path such that insulating air can betrapped between the inner conduit and the outer sleeve.

The filter cap 86 can be joined to the end of the disinfection conduit82 opposite to the connector with the heater wire connection. The cap 86can be joined by a strap to the disinfection conduit 82 to reduce thelikelihood of the cap 86 being lost between uses. During disinfection,the cap 86 can be installed over the inlet 74 to the elbow 76, as willbe described below.

In some embodiments, the elbow 76 is mechanically cleaned (e.g., bottlebrush) and chemically cleaned before the disinfection conduit 82 isconnected to the elbow 76. The disinfection conduit 82 is connected tothe outlet of the flow generator and the outlet 72 of the elbow 76 suchthat flow through the elbow 76 is reversed relative to the norm.

The cap 86 can be installed over the other end of the elbow 76. The cap86 is secured with an outer sleeve that overlaps an outer surface of theport. The cap comprises a filter medium and a protruding member. Theprotruding member reduces the likelihood of the cap being installed onthe outlet from the flow generator because the protruding membercontacts a non-return valve positioned within the outlet from thepressurized air source. The protruding member also decreases the size ofthe flow path to increase the velocity of the airflow through anon-heated region disposed between the end of the heated disinfectionconduit 82 and the discharge point of the filter cap 86. In addition,the rapid expansion of the higher speed airflow as it exits the cap 86causes a rapid decrease in temperature of the air. Thus, there is a highdisinfection temperature right up until the discharge point of thefilter cap 86, following which the temperature drops dramatically.

With reference to FIG. 7 , with disinfection conduit 82 installed, theapparatus 22 is turned on by pressing the power key 42. See U-1. Thesystem detects the disinfection conduit 82 because the temperaturesensor is not included in the disinfection conduit 82 but the resistanceof the heater wire 84 is detected. Because of the detection of thepresence of the disinfection conduit 82, the disinfection mode beginsand start screens are provided to the display 40. See U-2. Other mannersof starting the disinfection mode also can be used.

The display then presents a swirling icon similar to that describedabove to indicate that the apparatus 22 is warming up. See U-3. In someembodiments, the swirling icon has a different color to indicate thatthe apparatus 22 is warming up for disinfection mode instead of normaloperation. In some configurations, other animations or indicators can beused.

The apparatus 22 monitors usage conditions and, when a target usagelimit has been reached, the apparatus 22 provides a suggestion toreplace the inlet air filter. See U-4. As shown in FIGS. 8A-8D, in theillustrated configuration, the apparatus 22 presents an animationillustrating removal and replacement of the air filter. The animationpresents the cover being removed, the old filter being removed, the newfilter being inserted and the cover being replaced. The animation cancomprise a plurality of frames that show slight movement from one frameto the next such that presenting the frames in series provides a visualanimation. In some embodiments, a portion of the image sequence presentsa “zoomed-in” display of a portion of the apparatus, such as the filtercover in FIG. 8C. This may be advantageous to show detailed visualinformation and/or to present detailed visual information on arelatively small display or a display with relatively few pixels (e.g.,a display with a relatively low resolution). In some embodiments, theapparatus 22 can be configured to produce an audible cue or sound at thetime in the animation when the filter cover is shown as being closed,the audible cue being used to indicate that a sound should be producedwhen the filter cover is correctly closed. Other animations and/oraudible cues can be used.

Returning to FIG. 7 , the apparatus 22 can be configured to request anacknowledgment of an indication to replace the filter. In theillustrated configuration, the apparatus 22 requests pressing of themode button 52 in order to proceed with disinfection. Accordingly, thesuggestion to replace the air filter is acknowledged through thepressing of the mode button 52.

As discussed above, during start-up, a colored swirling icon can beused. See U-3. Following start-up, the system monitors temperature inthe elbow 76 to detect whether the temperature is rising fast enough inaccordance with a disinfection mode. Because the disinfection conduit 82has a heater 84 and because the airflow is being heated by the heater 84prior to delivery to the sensor in the elbow 76, the temperature profilevaries relative to having a breathing conduit 26 with a heater 30positioned after the elbow 76 and a chamber 70 positioned before theelbow 76.

During the disinfection process, a counter is used to show progress. SeeU-5. The counter can count down the amount of time remaining in thedisinfection mode. Pressing the mode button 52 will present a graphicaldisplay that updates to show progress of the disinfection. See U-6. Thegraphical display can be temperature over time and a colored bar can bepresented to graphically depict the amount of time over a settemperature (e.g., 90 C). In some embodiments, this is a display thatdynamically updates as the disinfection cycle progresses. At the end ofthe disinfection cycle, the display alternates between announcing asuccessful completion and the total number of successful disinfections.In some embodiments, announcing the successful completion can comprisedisplaying visual information, emitting a sound, or some combination ofboth visual and audible cues.

Secondary Mode

As discussed above, the apparatus 22 can be operated in a secondarymode, which can be designed for more intermittent use (e.g., home use).With reference to FIGS. 9A-9C, in the secondary mode, the apparatus 22operates in many ways similar to the operation of the apparatus 22 inthe primary mode. One of the differences, however, relates to thesetting of values.

With reference to FIG. 9A, in the illustrated embodiment, the displayscreen 40 either illustrates the swirling icon (see T-1) discussed aboveor a checkmark (i.e., tick) (see T-2) also discussed above. As discussedabove, current dew point temperature, current flow rate and currentoxygen level, for example but without limitation, can be monitored bythe apparatus. These values are based upon real time readings. In someembodiments, the readings are made during warm up as well as during use.

In the secondary mode, when the swirling icon (T-1) or the checkmark(T-2) is presented, depressing the mode button 52 will cycle among aplurality of values (T-4, T-5, and T-6), similar to the process depictedin FIG. 6C. The values can be represented by smaller icons or othershapes that, when selected, increase in size and possibly detail. Theplurality of smaller icons or other shapes facilitate an expandablescrolling menu that allows a large number of values to be displayed evenon a smaller display screen 40, as shown in S-18.1.

While the illustrated configuration depicts a temperature target screen(T-4), a flow rate target screen (T-5) and an oxygen level alarm screen(T-6), any number of additional screens can be presented. In someconfigurations, a screen can be provided for night-use sub-mode. In thenight use sub-mode, non-alarming noises are quieted or cancelled and thebrightness of the display screen 40 is adjusted. In some configurations,the apparatus also can display the number of hours, the average hoursper day and a value that can be used by a doctor to confirm thataccurate numbers are being provided by the user. Moreover, compliancedata can be exported using any suitable technique. For example, a serialcable can be plugged into a data port and a USB based modem. Each ofthese screens can be used to review data or select a value within apreset range. In some embodiments, in the secondary mode, the values arenot locked and are easily adjusted without performing an unlockingoperation, which can be different from the primary mode as describedwith reference to FIG. 6C. After a period of inactivity, whenadjustments have been made, the apparatus 22 reverts to the swirlingicon (see T-1) or the checkmark screen (see T-2).

Comparing FIGS. 6A-6D with FIGS. 9A-9C, another distinction can be shownbetween the youth sub-mode in the primary mode and the youth sub-mode inthe secondary mode. In particular, during warm up (S-22), (T-7) andfollowing warm up (S-23), (T-8), in the primary mode, data is presentedregarding various characteristics of operation while, in the secondarymode, the screen does not present the data. This is similar to thescreen shown after warm up in the secondary mode (compare S-5 and T-2).While it is possible to present the data in the secondary mode, suchdata may be less relevant to an intermittent, home-type of user.

Drying Mode in Secondary Mode

Following use in the secondary mode, the user presses the power button42. Upon shut-down, an audible alert is made and the apparatus 22 entersa drying mode. During drying mode, the apparatus 22 turns off power tothe heater plate 80, increases the temperature in the conduit 26 byincreasing the heat generated by the heater wire 30 and the flow rate ischanged to an appropriate value. In some applications, the flow rate isset to about 15 L/min in default mode (e.g., primary mode or secondarymode) or about 10 L/min in the youth sub-modes.

In some configurations, during the drying sub-mode, the apparatus 22,including the conduit 26, is controlled to maintain total enthalpy belowa desired enthalpy limit as measured at the patient/user end of theconduit 26. For example, as the chamber cools, the temperature of theconduit 26 can be increased by increasing the heat output of the conduitheater wire 30. In some configurations, the enthalpy limit is less thanabout 194 kJ/kg dry gas when averaged over 30 seconds. In someconfigurations, the enthalpy limit is about 194 kJ/Kg dry gas whenaveraged over 30 seconds.

The drying sub-mode continues for a drying period. At the end of thedrying period, the apparatus 22 shuts down.

Fault Conditions

During operation in any of the modes or sub-modes, a number of operatingconditions for the apparatus 22 are monitored for fault conditions. Eachfault condition that is correctable by a user can be configured to haveone or more animations showing the problem and/or how to fix theproblem. As described above with respect to replacing the filter (seeFIGS. 8A-8D), each animation can comprise a plurality of frames thatshow slight movement from one frame to the next such that presenting theframes in series provides a visual animation. While certain animationswill be discussed below, other animations can be used. Accordingly, theapparatus 22 can be configured to detect fault conditions, select anappropriate animation to display, and detect when the fault conditionhas been corrected. The selected animation can highlight or indicate thelocation or components causing the fault condition, illustrate how tocorrect the fault condition, and provide indicators of success incorrecting the fault condition. In some embodiments, the animation onlyproceeds to a following step when the current step is completed. In someembodiments, the animation is repeated until the fault condition iscorrected. In some embodiments, the animation is automatically stoppedwhen the fault condition is corrected. When a fault condition occurs,the apparatus 22 can provide an alarm that can include any combinationof audible sounds and visual indicators. The alarm can continue untilthe fault condition is corrected. For example, the alarm can beconfigured to automatically cease when the apparatus 22 detects that theproblem has been fixed.

In some embodiments, the animations can include a series of images thatpresent “zoomed-in” pictures or animations of the apparatus 22. Forexample, for selected parts of the animation, the zoomed-in animationcan show sections of the apparatus 22 in more detail to illustrateelements that may otherwise be unclear on a display 40 with a relativelylow resolution, such as the display 40 that may be included on theapparatus 22. For example, the series of images can include a firstsubset of images depicting the apparatus 22 with a first level of detailand a second subset of images depicting a second level of detail, thesecond level of detail being greater than the first level of detail.This second level of detail can be a zoomed-in depiction of theapparatus, and the zoomed-in depiction can be configured to include aregion of interest on the apparatus 22 meriting attention.

In some configurations, noises or audible cues can be used inconjunction with the animations. The audible cues can be timed tocoincide with the display of actions in the animations. In someembodiments, the audible cues are configured to simulate or approximatea sound that would be produced when the animated action occurs.

In some configurations, flashing lights, colors, glowing effects, and/orother visual cues can be presented in the animations to indicateportions of the address meriting attention (e.g., showing a glowing redeffect around a region of interest). These components may be in fault ormay be one of the causes of the fault condition that triggered theanimation. The visual cues can also be used to indicate the correctedproblem, such as how a component should be positioned when it is in thecorrect location (e.g., showing a glowing green effect around thecorrected region of interest). For example, the chamber 70 can beanimated to glow red when not properly seated in the apparatus 22, andthe animation can illustrate the chamber being correctly positioned andthe glowing changing to a green effect.

With reference to FIGS. 8A-8D, if the apparatus 22 detects that a filterreplacement is warranted (e.g., if the apparatus 22 detects that it hasbeen in use without a filter replacement for over a minimum number ofhours, an example of which is described with reference to U-4 in FIG. 7), the apparatus 22 can display a series of images depicting removal andreplacement of a filter. For example, FIGS. 8A-8D depict removal of thefilter cover, exposing the filter. Beginning at the bottom of FIG. 8Aand into FIG. 8B, the series of images depict the used filter beingremoved from the apparatus. Beginning at the bottom of FIG. 8B and intoFIG. 8C, the series of images depict the new filter being installed intothe apparatus. Once the filter is installed, the series of images depictclosing the filter cover. The series of images include a zoomed-indepiction of the filter cover being fastened onto the apparatus housingstarting in FIG. 8C and into FIG. 8D. The zoomed-in series of imagespresent the filter cover and housing in greater detail to provide moreinformation to the user to enable the user to better close and securethe filter cover in place. In some embodiments, the apparatus 22 canplay an audible cue (e.g., a clicking noise or other appropriate sound)to coincide with the depiction of the filter cover being correctlyseated or locked-in, as illustrated in the final image in FIG. 8D. Theaudible cue can be configured to provide the user with an indication ofan expected sound to be produced when the animated action is performedcorrectly.

With reference to FIG. 10 , if a disconnection from the conduit heaterwire is detected, the apparatus indicates a removal of the circuit. SeeW-1. There can be an audible alarm (e.g., three short monotones, singletone, series of tones, chime, music, etc.) that indicates adisconnection of the circuit. The display can show an animation of thecircuit being removed and being reconnected. Some of the images fromsuch an animation are shown in FIG. 11 . For example, the series ofimages in FIG. 11 depict the circuit being removed from the apparatus bydisengaging the connector from the outlet end of the elbow and liftingthe circuit. In some embodiments, the apparatus 22 can emit an audiblecue when the circuit is depicted as being removed from the apparatus.The audible cue can be configured to approximate or simulate a soundthat would be produced when disengaging the circuit from the apparatus.

If a loss of resistance to flow is detected (e.g., a system leak, adislodged interface, a dislodged chamber, etc.), there can be an audiblealarm (e.g., three short monotones, single tone, series of tones, chime,music, etc.) that indicates a leak in the system. The display 40 canshow an animation or a series of animations. For example but withoutlimitation, the animations can demonstrate reseating the chamber andreseating the interface to the circuit. Similarly, if the apparatus isin the youth sub-mode and an adult cannula is connected, the systemindicates a possible leak and issues an audible alarm (e.g., three shortmonotones, single tone, series of tones, chime, music, etc.). Theapparatus 22 also can present an illustration showing the connection ofthe youth sub-mode cannula (e.g., infant cannula).

If a higher than expected resistance to flow is detected (e.g., a systemblockage), there can be an audible alarm (e.g., three short monotones,single tone, series of tones, chime, music, etc.) that indicates ablockage in the system. See W-3. The display 40 can show an animation ora series of animations. For example but without limitation, theanimations can demonstrate unkinking a hose, determining if the youthsub-mode interface is installed in the default primary mode or secondarymode, unclogging a nasal cannula, or the like.

If oxygen content is detected above the set level, the system can issuean audible alarm (e.g., three short monotones, single tone, series oftones, chime, music, etc.) and can present an animation illustrating howto decrease the flow of oxygen at the wall connection. See W-4.Similarly, if oxygen content is detected below the set level, the systemcan issue an audible alarm (e.g., three short monotones, single tone,series of tones, chime, music, etc.) and can present an animationillustrating how to increase the flow of oxygen at the wall connection.See W-5.

If the water level is detected to be low or empty, the system can issuean audible alarm (e.g., three short monotones, single tone, series oftones, chime, music, etc.) and can present an animation illustrating howto remove a depleted water bag and attach a new water bag. See W-6.

If an oxygen supply is detected during operation in the disinfectionmode, the apparatus 22 can issue an audible alarm (e.g., three shortmonotones, single tone, series of tones, chime, music, etc.) and canpresent an animation illustrating how to remove the oxygen supply. SeeW-7. In some embodiments, when such a condition is presented, power isnot provided to the conduit heater 84 until after the condition has beenrectified.

The apparatus 22 might alarm if the apparatus 22 detects adisconnection, depletion or prolonged interruption of the oxygen supply(e.g., if the oxygen level drops below a certain percentage for a presetperiod of time, if there is a sudden drop or change in the oxygen levelor both). In some configurations, the alarm triggering thresholdsindicative of oxygen level events can be different in different modes orsub-modes. In some embodiments, when such a condition is presented, theapparatus can issue an audible alarm (e.g., three short monotones,single tone, series of tones, chime, music, etc.) and the display canpresent an animation illustrating how to check the connection of theoxygen supply.

The apparatus 22 also might alarm if user breathing is no longerdetected. In some embodiments, when such a condition is presented, theapparatus can issue an audible alarm (e.g., three short monotones,single tone, series of tones, chime, music, etc.) and the display canpresent an animation illustrating how to check for a displaced userinterface, a disconnected user interface or an adverse clinical event.

The apparatus 22 might alarm if a user breathing rate exceeds apredetermined limit. In some embodiments, when such a condition ispresented, the apparatus can issue an audible alarm (e.g., three shorttones) and the display can present an animation demonstrating thebreathing rate, for example but without limitation.

Any number of other fault conditions also can be detected and otheralarms can ensue from such fault conditions. For example, but withoutlimitation, the apparatus 22 might alarm if the target dew pointtemperature cannot be reached, if the target flow rate cannot bereached, or if there is another operating condition that should bechecked and/or corrected. Any or all of these can be indicated with anaudible alarm (e.g., three short monotones, single tone, series oftones, chime, music, etc.) and/or an animation or other fault codescreen. See W-8. In some embodiments, the audible alarm can beaccompanied by animations and the animations and/or the audible alarmscan stop automatically when the apparatus 22 detects that the faultconditions has been fixed. Accordingly, the apparatus 22 can beconfigured to automatically detect the presence and rectification offault conditions.

The display also can show an international symbol for alarm (e.g., asymbol compliant with IEC 60601-1-8). See W-9. If the mute button isdepressed during the alarm, a mute symbol is displayed on the screen andthe sound from the alarm can be disabled for a set period of time (e.g.,120 seconds). See W-10. Once any fault condition is resolved, an audiblenotification can result (e.g., three climbing scale tones) and thesystem can revert to normal operation.

Thus, in some configurations, the apparatus 22 is configured to promptusers to perform maintenance tasks and troubleshooting through the useof animations or other graphical displays. For example, the apparatuscan indicate a desire for a filter replacement as well as coach anindividual through changing the filter with a visual representation ofthe actions to be taken. By way of other examples, the apparatus 22 canindicate how to perform disinfection or how to clean the device.

Moreover, in some configurations, the apparatus 22 can recognize certainfault conditions with the apparatus 20 and coach a person to correct therecognized fault through a video animation of the corrective action orcorrective actions desired. For example, where several different causescan underlie a detected loss of resistance to flow, the apparatus 22 candemonstrate several connections and other components to check to restorethe anticipated resistance to flow. Where fault codes are primarily usedin the apparatus 22 to indicate fault conditions (e.g., E14), it may beproblematic for the user 10 to know how to correct the fault basedsolely upon the fault codes provided by the apparatus 22. Thus,presentation of animations, visual cues, and audible cues can facilitatethe rectification of fault conditions.

FIGS. 12A-12M illustrates a series of images used in an exampleanimation showing a chamber installation sequence. The animation can beused to indicate a region of interest causing the fault condition. As anexample, this is illustrated in FIGS. 12A and 12B which, whenalternated, display a flashing glowing region surrounding the chamber.In some embodiments, the flashing glowing region surrounding the chamberis red, but other colors can be used. The animation can continue anddisplay another glowing region indicating an action to be taken by theuser. An example of this is shown in FIGS. 12C and 12D which, whenalternated, display a flashing glowing region surrounding the user’sfingers where force should be applied to the chamber. The flashingglowing region can be colored green to show that this is a correctaction, and other colors may be used. The animation can show the resultof performing the action indicated in FIGS. 12C-12E, by showing thechamber slide into place in the apparatus (shown in FIGS. 12F-12M). Theanimation can zoom-in to the apparatus to show greater detail. Forexample, the animation can zoom-in beginning in FIG. 12F to show thefinger guard move into place once the chamber is clear of the guard (asshown in FIG. 12L). Prior to the chamber being clear of the guard, theanimation can show the finger guard with a flashing glowing regionsurrounding it (as shown when FIGS. 12I and 12J are presented in analternating fashion), and the flashing glowing region can be a firstcolor (e.g., red). When the chamber is correctly positioned, as shown inFIG. 12L, the finger guard can be shown with a differently colored(e.g., green) flashing glowing region (as shown when FIGS. 12L and 12Mare presented in an alternating fashion). The animation can beaccompanied by an audible cue, such as a clicking sound, when the fingerguard moves into position in FIG. 12L. The audible cue can be configuredto approximate or simulate the sound of the finger guard clicking intoposition when the chamber is correctly positioned.

As noted above with respect to FIG. 1 , the heating element 30 and thesensing element 32 can be arranged as described in co-pending U.S. Pat.Application No. 12/777,370, published as U.S. Publication No.2010/0218763 on Sep. 2, 2010. FIGS. 13A-13D and the accompanyingdescription provided here are incorporated from that application. Asystem may measure various properties, for example temperature orhumidity, at the end of a gas delivery tube or conduit using sensorsmounted on a wire, such as a wire used for heating the gases flowthrough the tube or conduit, where the wire resides within the deliverytube or conduit. A heated tube with a heating wire such as thatdescribed in Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited U.S. Pat. No. 6,078,730or any other similar tube and heating wire could be utilised.

Referring to FIG. 13A, a ventilation and humidifying system is shown. Apatient 13 is receiving humidified and pressurised gases through a nasalcannula 12 connected to a humidified gases transportation pathway orinspiratory conduit 3 that in turn is connected to a humidifier 8(including humidification chamber 5) supplied with gases from a blower15 or other appropriate gases supply means.

The inspiratory conduit 3 is connected to the outlet 4 of thehumidification chamber 5 that contains a volume of water 6. Thehumidification chamber 5 is preferably formed from a plastics materialand may have a highly heat conductive base (for example an aluminiumbase) that is in direct contact with a heater plate 7 of humidifier 8.The humidifier 8 is provided with control means or an electroniccontroller 9 that may comprise a microprocessor based controllerexecuting computer software commands stored in associated memory. Gasesflowing through the inspiratory conduit 3 are passed to the patient byway of the nasal cannula 12, but may also be passed to the patient byway of other patient interfaces such as a nasal or full face mask.

The controller 9 receives input from sources such as user input means ordial 10 through which a user of the device may, for example, set apredetermined required value (preset value) of humidity or temperatureof the gases supplied to patient 13. In response to the user sethumidity or temperature value input via dial 10 and other possibleinputs such as internal sensors that sense gases flow or temperature, orby parameters calculated in the controller, controller 9 determines when(or to what level) to energise heater plate 7 to heat the water 6 withinhumidification chamber 5. As the volume of water 6 within humidificationchamber 5 is heated, water vapour begins to fill the volume of thechamber above the surface of the water and is passed out of thehumidification chamber 5 outlet 4 with the flow of gases (for exampleair) provided from a gases supply means or blower 15 which enters thehumidification chamber 5 through inlet 16.

The blower 15 may be provided with a variable speed pump or fan 2 whichdraws air or other gases through the blower inlet 17. The speed of thevariable speed pump or fan 2 maybe controlled by a further control meansor electronic controller 18 which responds either to inputs fromcontroller 9 or to user-set predetermined required values (presetvalues) of pressure or fan speed, via dial 19. Alternatively, thefunction of this controller 18 can be combined with the other controller9.

A heating element or wire 11 is preferably provided within, around andthroughout the conduit or tubing 3 to help prevent condensation of thehumidified gases within the conduit. Such condensation is due to thetemperature of the walls of the conduit being close to the ambienttemperature, (being the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere) whichis usually lower than the temperature of the humidified gases within theconduit. The heater element effectively replaces the energy lost fromthe gases through conduction and convection during transit through theconduit. Thus the conduit heater element ensures the gases delivered areat an optimal temperature and humidity.

Such a heater wire is commonly driven either with direct current (DC) oralternating current (AC) and in both cases the heating voltage isusually switched on and off to control the power applied to the heatingelement. In the heating element 11, which is most preferably a wire, isused along with an electronic circuit to determine properties of thegases supplied to the patient. The circuit (20 or 40 in FIGS. 13B and13C) is preferably connected in series with the heater wire 11. Thecircuit may be on a printed circuit board, or wired within a housingthat may be a plastic moulding in the gases flow, or a circuit boardthat is at least partially moulded within the wall of the conduit ortubing 3. The properties that may be measured include temperature,pressure, gas composition and humidity. Two embodiments are describedbelow, one that operates using only a DC heating voltage and the otherthat can operate with a DC or AC heating voltage.

DC Heating Voltage

FIG. 13B shows a circuit 20 that may be utilised for carrying out themethod of measuring temperature. When a DC heating voltage 25 is appliedto the heater wire the diode 22 conducts and current flows through theheater wire 21, 28 and the heater wire functions as normal and providesheating to the delivery tube 3. When the heating voltage 25 is switchedoff using switch 29, a measurement voltage 26, which has oppositepolarity to the heating voltage 25 is applied to the heater wire. Inthis case, the current in the heater wire 21, 28 does not flow throughthe diode 22 but flows through the thermistor 23 and through a referenceresistor 24. The voltage across the reference resistor 24 can then bemeasured at the output 27 and the temperature of the gases determined.The voltage measurement 27 across the reference resistor, 24, isconverted to a temperature using a look up table or an equation tocalculate a value for temperature. This is similar to a commonly usedtechnique where the thermistor 23 forms a potential divider with thereference resistor 24.

More generally, the thermistor may be replaced by an impedance (forexample, a resistor and a capacitive sensor) for pressure or humiditymeasurement. Either the impedance can be measured by measuring thevoltage across the reference resistor 24 or the rise-time could bedetermined by looking at the voltage across the reference resistor 24 intime.

Part of the circuit 20 would be included in the delivery conduit 3 andin particular the diode 22 and thermistor 23 (in parallel with oneanother) are preferably placed in series with the heater wire 21, 28 ata point in the heater wire at or near the end 30 (nearest the user 13,see FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13D) of the delivery tube 3, for example theymay be interconnected on a printed circuit board, overmoulded withplastic for sealing and mounted in the gases stream through the deliveryconduit as shown in FIG. 13D. Furthermore, the circuit may be formed byinterconnected parts in a housing, for example, a plastic housing, thatprotrudes from the plastic wall of the delivery tube into the gases flowthrough the conduit, in order to measure that gases properties. Allother parts of the circuit 20 including the reference resistor 24 andthe switching circuitry 29 would be included in the control circuitry ofthe humidifier 8.

The thermistor’s value can be chosen to have different resistance curveswith known properties at ambient temperature. The choice of a particularthermistor value for use with the circuit allows identification by thecontrol system and matching of that thermistor value with a specificconduit or tubing 3. Such that different thermistor values can bematched with a particular and appropriate conduit types and uponconnection of the conduit to a humidifier or blower device, the controlsystem can identify that thermistor and apply the appropriate controlstrategy to the heating of the conduit.

AC or DC Heating Voltage

The circuit shown in FIG. 13B is intended to be used when a DC heatingvoltage is used in conjunction with the heater wire, delivery conduitand system as shown in FIG. 13A. An alternative embodiment of a circuit40 that would provide measurement of the gases properties, such astemperature and is suitable for AC and DC voltages, is shown in FIG.13C. A number of voltage signals 51, 52, 53, which are at differentfrequencies, are added together at an adder 50. These signals include atleast one heating signal 51 and at least one measuring signal 53. Thecombination of these signals passes down the heater wire 44, creatingcurrents (heating and measuring) in the heater wire 44. A number ofparallel paths are established 41, 43, 45 each containing a filter (forexample, as shown in FIG. 13C, one low pass filter 41 and three bandpass filters 43, 45, 48) that each pass a different frequency range.These parallel paths (that is, filters, thermistors and/or sensors) arepreferably located at the end 30 of the delivery tube 3, in a similarmanner as described in relation to FIG. 13B. The parallel paths allowthe heating current to be passed through a different path to themeasurement currents. It also allows multiple measurement signals to bepassed through the heater wire so that different properties of the gases(e.g. temperature, pressure, humidity, composition) may be measured.

The heating and measurement currents return through the heater wire 46and can be filtered through a number of measurement filters 47, 49, 57in parallel that pass frequency bands that correspond to the filters,41, 43, 45 located at the end 30 of the tube 3. The heating currenttakes a different path than the measurement currents. The measurementcurrents each take a different path depending on their frequency andthis allows each measurement current to be measured by passing itthrough a reference resistor 48, 54 or similar. Again a look up table orequation may be used to convert the voltage across the referenceresistor 48, 54 to, for example, a temperature. The measurement filters47, 49, 57 can be included in the humidifier 8 control circuitry.

In a further embodiment one or more of the sensing elements 55, 56 atthe end 30 of the delivery tube 3 could be replaced by a fixed impedanceto allow identification of the tube so that different control algorithmscan be used for different conduits or tubes.

FIG. 13D shows a cutaway view of a conduit 3 with a printed circuitboard 60 housing the parts to one of the circuits described above withreference to FIGS. 13B and 13C. The circuit board 60 is connected to theheating wires 21, 28 and as such is positioned within the conduit 3. Inthis manner, the thermistor 23 included on the board 60 is exposed tothe gases flowing through the conduit 3 and can provide measurements ofthe properties of the gases.

The circuits and method can be applied to a number of applications ofthese technologies for humidification and breathing circuit products.For example, the measurement of the temperature or humidity at the endof the delivery tube (or in a patient interface, for example, nasalcannula or mask) can be used to better control the humidifier, such thata more accurate temperature of gases can be supplied to the patient,providing optimal patient comfort and therapy. Additionally, other gasesproperties may be measured, such as the gases pressure or gascomposition near the patient.

The apparatus eliminates the need for external wires for sensing gasesproperties, as is required by the prior art. Furthermore the apparatusonly uses two pins or contacts (as opposed to four pins as used incurrent heated tube implementations). This means the system is likely tobe more reliable as the contacts/pins are likely to be less prone tobreakage. The utilisation of the heater wire for measuring gasesproperties may also reduce the cost of the breathing tube 3 andassociated parts, especially if the breathing tube is to be disposable.

Although the disclosure herein has been presented in terms of someembodiments, other embodiments apparent to those of ordinary skill inthe art also are within the scope of this disclosure. Thus, variouschanges and modifications may be made without departing from the spiritand scope of the disclosure. For instance, various components may berepositioned as desired. Moreover, not all of the features, aspects andadvantages are necessarily required to practice embodiments encompassedby this disclosure. Accordingly, the scope of each of the claimedinventions is intended to be defined only by the claims that follow.

What is claimed is: 1-30. (canceled)
 31. A system for providingcompliance data for a self-drying high-flow breathing apparatus, thesystem comprising: a controller comprising a microprocessor configuredto execute software commands stored in associated memory, the controllerconfigured to determine characteristics of flows and operation of theapparatus; one or more sensors configured to provide feedback to thecontroller regarding gas flow; a display comprising menus, graphics, andtext, the display configured to use information from the controller orone or more sensors to show usage time for compliance reporting; ablower, a humidifier having a heatable water chamber, and a conduitarranged serially and thereby configured to provide humidity-controlled,high flow air through the conduit as controlled by the controller; thecontroller configured to cause the system to enter a drying mode anddisplay a mode indication on the display.
 32. The system of claim 31,further configured to enable exporting of compliance data using a wiredor wireless protocol.
 33. The system of claim 31, further comprising atleast one circuit configured to measure gas properties.
 34. The systemof claim 31, wherein at least one of the one or more sensors ispositioned on or about the conduit.
 35. The system of claim 31, whereinthe usage time for compliance reporting is configured to facilitateinteraction with a health professional.
 36. The system of claim 31,wherein at least one of the one or more sensors is positioned on orabout the blower or humidifier in a main body of the system that isupstream from the conduit.
 37. The system of claim 31, wherein the oneor more sensors are configured to provide real time readings of flowrate and oxygen level.
 38. The system of claim 31, further comprising aheater plate configured to contact and heat the water chamber to providehumidity control as directed by the controller.
 39. The system of claim31, wherein the display is further configured to display the usage timeand enter drying mode after therapeutic use of the system.
 40. Ahigh-flow breathing assistance apparatus comprising: a flow generator; ahumidifier chamber; and the flow generator connected to and configuredto generate a flow of gases through the humidifier chamber and conduit;a heater configured to heat water in the humidifier chamber, therebyhumidifying the flow of gases in the humidifier chamber; and a displayscreen configured to provide visual information to a user, including anindication of usage time; the apparatus configured to: use the flowgenerator to cause gases to flow through the humidifier chamber andconduit toward a user, while displaying on the display screen therapyinformation comprising one or more of humidity, temperature, and flowrate information; and enter a drying mode wherein gases flow during adrying period, while displaying an indication of drying mode on thedisplay screen.
 41. The apparatus of claim 40 further comprising aconduit comprising a heater wire, wherein the drying mode causes gasesto flow through and dry the conduit during the drying period.
 42. Theapparatus of claim 40 further comprising a power button, the apparatusconfigured to enter the drying mode after the power button is pressed.43. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the indication of usage timecomprises usage hours compliance data.
 44. The apparatus of claim 40,wherein the indication of usage time comprises an indication of theaverage number of hours of usage per day.
 45. The apparatus of claim 40,wherein the apparatus is configured to facilitate export of theindication of usage time from the apparatus by any suitable technique.46. The apparatus of claim 40, wherein the apparatus is configured tofacilitate export of the indication of usage time by USB.
 47. Theapparatus of claim 40, wherein the apparatus is configured to operate ina reduced power mode.
 48. The apparatus of claim 47, wherein theapparatus is configured to reduce the power used by the heater when theapparatus enters the reduced power mode.
 49. The apparatus of claim 47,wherein the apparatus comprises a motor and wherein the apparatus isconfigured to reduce the power used by the motor when the apparatusenters the reduced power mode.
 50. The apparatus of claim 40, whereinthe apparatus is configured to use the heater to perform a warm-upprocedure to heat the water.